Ekibinizden iyi performans alabilmek için ekip üyelerinizin ihtiyaçlarına odaklanın…
Başlangıç olarak, bambaşka alanlarda ama en çok eforun sahada sarf edildiği iki ayrı firmadan gelen şaşırtıcı raporları ele alalım:
Ayakkabı firmasının müşteri hizmetleri temsilcileri, müşterilerinin ihtiyaçlarını, sorunlarını, şikayetlerini dinledikleri bir günün ardından kendilerini yorgun ama tatmin olmuş hissettiklerini belirtiyor.
Hastanenin acil bölümünde çalışan doktorlar ise hasta ve yaralılarla ilgilendikleri uzun bir günün ardından kendilerini hem yorgun hem de bıkkın hissettiklerini söylüyor.
Sizce ayakkabı firmasının müşteri hizmetleri çalışanları işlerine değer verirlerken, acil bölüm doktorları neden yaptıkları işte çok da anlam bulamıyorlardı?
Pek çok araştırma gösteriyor ki çalışan motivasyonunda maddi olmayan teşviklerin rolü her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bugünün çalışanı sadece para için çalışmak istemiyor, hayatlarına anlam ve bir amaç kazandıracak işlerde çalışmak, kendilerini gerçekleştirmek, bu dünyada bir etki yarattıklarını görmek istiyorlar.
Her ne kadar finansal olmayan teşvik ve motivasyonların önemi konusunda genel bir farkındalık ve kabullenme oluşmuşsa da, düşük ya da ortalama çalışan bağlılığı bir sorun olarak gündemde kalmaya devam etmektedir. Akademik araştırmalar, işletmelere piyasanın en iyi ve en parlak çalışanlarını çekmelerini sağlayacak pozisyonları ve çalışma ortamını tasarlamalarına yardımcı olabilirler.
“Maddi olmayan teşvik” kavramı uzun bir süre sadece genç yaştaki çalışanların, yani milenyallerin motive edilmesi söz konusu olduğunda kullanıldı. Bununla birlikte yeni yapılan araştırmalar göstermektedir ki kişinin geçmişindeki ekonomik koşullar ve cinsiyeti gibi diğer faktörler, maddi olmayan teşviklere verdikleri önemin derecesini büyük ölçüde etkilemektedir.
Genel olarak 18-25 yaş arasındaki kişiler, geçmişlerinde herhangi bir ekonomik sorunla karşılaşmamışlarsa, iş ararlarken kendilerine anlam ve amaç kazandıracak işleri tercih etmektedirler. Diğer yandan kişi eğer geçmişinde ekonominin kötü olduğu zamanlara denk gelmişse, ailesinde veya çevresinde işsizliğin olumsuz etkilerine şahit olmuş ya da üniversiteden arkadaşlarının iş bulamadıklarını görmüşse, bu durumda bu kişiler iş ararlarken ücret ve diğer maddi haklara öncelik vereceklerdir.
Yine yapılan araştırmalara göre, kadınlar maddi olmayan teşviklere daha çok önem vermeye eğilimli olurlarken erkekler daha çok maaş gibi maddi haklarla motive olma eğilimindedir.
Erkeklerin ve kadınların farklı şekillerde motive olmaları, bazı sektörlerde, örneğin finans sektöründe olduğu gibi, neden daha az kadın olduğunu da açıklamaya yardımcı oluyor.
Genel olarak, her çalışan “işteki anlam” konusuna aynı derecede önem vermez. Bir çalışanı neyin motive ettiğini iyice anlamak, çalışma ortamınızı tasarlama sürecinizde iyi bir başlangıç noktası olacaktır.
Bir işe anlam ve amaç eklemek, kâr amacı gütmeyen bir kuruluş veya toplumsal misyonu olan bir şirket için çok da zor olmayabilir. Öyle ki, acil servis doktorlarının bıkkın ve yorgun olduğu sağlık kuruluşları örneğinde olduğu gibi, şirketin misyonu çalışanları her zaman motive etmede yeterli değildir.
Genellikle, acil servis doktorları hastayı bir kez görür, sonra hasta oradan ayrılır. Ciddi vakalarda hasta stabilize edilir ve yoğun bakım ünitesine gönderilir. Ancak hastaların çoğunun durumu bu denli ciddi olmaz. Örneğin doktor, genç futbol oyuncusunun kırılan bacağını alçıya alır ve sonra onu evine gönderir.
Doktorun işini iyi yapması, genç oyuncunun tamamen iyileşmiş olarak sahalara dönmesini sağlar, halbuki acil servisindeki doktor bunu düşünecek durumda değildir. Acil servisindeki doktorun yaptığı işin büyük resme nasıl hizmet ettiğine dair bir fikri yoksa, siz bir de büyük kurumlarda çalışan idari asistanların ya da muhasebecilerin durumunu hayal edin. Üstelik her şirket, bir hastanenin yarattığı kadar somut bir etki yaratamaz. Peki şirketler işlerinde nasıl anlam yaratacaklar?
İş yerinde anlam ve amaç konusu son dönemlerde özellikle şirketlerin insan kaynakları departmanlarında oldukça gündemde. Bununla birlikte insanın “bir etki yaratma” ya da “bir fark yaratma” arzusu, çalışanların dünyayı daha iyi bir yer haline getirmesi gibi dar bir şekilde tanımlanmamalıdır. Aynı zamanda yeteneklerinin ve niteliklerinin potansiyellerinin en üst seviyesinde kullanıldığı anlamına da gelebilir. Eğer bir çalışan yaptığı işin herhangi başka birisi tarafından da yapılabileceğini düşünüyorsa, kendisini makine çarkındaki kolayca değişebilecek bir parça gibi görüyorsa, o zaman motivasyonu ve dolayısıyla kuruma bağlılığı düşük olur.
Sorunun cevabı, hangi işyeri olursa olsun, işin tasarımında gizlidir. Örneğin kişinin farklı ekiplerde ve çalışma alanlarında çalışmasını sağlamak, yaptığı çalışmanın tüm kurumun stratejisi ve misyonuna nasıl hizmet ettiğini görmesini sağlar.
Şirketler, çalışanlarının çalışma deneyimini zenginleştiren motivasyon öğelerine önem vermelidir. Örneğin, otonomi/özerklik birçok çalışan için önemli bir motivasyon kaynağıdır. Sadece çalışanlara bağımsızlık hissi vermekle kalmaz, aynı zamanda şirketin başarısı üzerinde bireysel olarak etkiye sahip oldukları hissini verir. Mail order usulü çalışan bir ayakkabı firması olan Zappos’dan Tony Hsieh, otonomi denilen bu sihirli bileşeni başarılı bir şekilde uygulamıştır; çağrı merkezi kurallarına sıkı sıkıya bağlı kalmayı reddeden Hsieh, Zappos müşteri temsilcilerinin gelen çağrıları müşteriye en iyi şekilde hizmet verecek şekilde kendilerinin yönetmelerine olanak vermiştir.
Maddi olmayan teşviklerin ve motivasyonun önemi artmaya devam edecektir. Jenerasyonlar hakkındaki sorunlara takılmaktan ziyade, çalışan çeşitliliğinizi anlamaya daha fazla odaklanmanız daha doğru olacaktır. Ayrıca, kurum misyonunuzun tek başına çalışanların motivasyonunu artırmak için yeterli olmayacağını unutmayın. Çalışanlarınızın neye ihtiyaç duyduklarına ve ne istediklerine kulak verin.
İnsanları teşvik edecek ödül sistemlerinin mutlak olarak tek birey yerine etkileşimde olduğu diğer bireyleri de mutlu etmesi gerekir. Başkalarına da fayda sağlayan bu ödüller, başkalarının yararına iyi bir şey yapma arzusuna dayanır. Örneğin işbirliğine imkan sağlayan bir çalışma ortamı sadece kendi başarınıza değil, diğer çalışma arkadaşlarınızın başarısına da hizmet eder.
Son araştırmalara göre, yapılan her iş için maddi karşılık almak, başkalarına da fayda sağlayan ödüllerin olumlu etkisini zayıflatabilir: Sana kendiliğimden bir fincan kahve getirirsem, kendimi iyi hissederim. Ama sen, bana bir fincan kahve getirmem için para teklif edersen kendimi bir hizmetçi gibi hissederim… Aynı şekilde, proje ekibinden birisine ekibin ya da şirketin iyiliği için yardım ederseniz, kendinizi tatmin olmuş hissedersiniz. Kendinize ait olmayan bir projede günde en az bir saat çalışmanız için size para teklif edilse, muhtemelen o projede en fazla bir saat çalışırsınız çünkü özünde işbirliği yapmak için motive değilsinizdir.
Başka bir örnekte, işbirliği ortamını sağlamak için bilgi alışverişini (ki bilgi alışverişi herkese fayda sağlar) teşvik eden bir şirketin başarılı olma olasılığı, maddi teşvikler sunarak işbirliği yaratmayı zorla oluşturmaya çalışan şirketlere göre daha yüksek olacaktır.
For original version of the article, please visit Columbia Business School website:
www8.gsb.columbia.edu/articles/ideas-work/motivating-team-takes-more-than-money
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1. PARTIES
This User Agreement ("Agreement"); was executed between 41 North Business School Eğitim A.Ş.
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